Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster.
DFOP
Analyzing the Letter Cluster Analogy: FKPV to HIRT
The question asks us to find the letter cluster that is related to 'BHMR' in the same way that 'HIRT' is related to 'FKPV'. To solve this letter analogy, we need to identify the pattern or rule that transforms 'FKPV' into 'HIRT' and then apply the same rule to 'BHMR'.
Let's analyze the relationship between the letters in the first pair, 'FKPV' and 'HIRT', based on their positions in the English alphabet:
- F is the 6th letter. H is the 8th letter. The change is \( 8 - 6 = +2 \).
- K is the 11th letter. I is the 9th letter. The change is \( 9 - 11 = -2 \).
- P is the 16th letter. R is the 18th letter. The change is \( 18 - 16 = +2 \).
- V is the 22nd letter. T is the 20th letter. The change is \( 20 - 22 = -2 \).
So, the pattern is consistently adding 2 to the position of the first letter, subtracting 2 from the second, adding 2 to the third, and subtracting 2 from the fourth letter.
| Letter in FKPV | Position | Change | Letter in HIRT | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | 6 | \( +2 \) | H | 8 |
| K | 11 | \( -2 \) | I | 9 |
| P | 16 | \( +2 \) | R | 18 |
| V | 22 | \( -2 \) | T | 20 |
Applying the Pattern to BHMR
Now, we apply the same \( +2, -2, +2, -2 \) pattern to the letter cluster 'BHMR' to find the related cluster.
- For the first letter B (2nd position): Add 2. \( 2 + 2 = 4 \). The 4th letter is D.
- For the second letter H (8th position): Subtract 2. \( 8 - 2 = 6 \). The 6th letter is F.
- For the third letter M (13th position): Add 2. \( 13 + 2 = 15 \). The 15th letter is O.
- For the fourth letter R (18th position): Subtract 2. \( 18 - 2 = 16 \). The 16th letter is P.
| Letter in BHMR | Position | Change | Resulting Position | Resulting Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 2 | \( +2 \) | 4 | D |
| H | 8 | \( -2 \) | 6 | F |
| M | 13 | \( +2 \) | 15 | O |
| R | 18 | \( -2 \) | 16 | P |
Following the pattern, the letter cluster related to 'BHMR' is 'DFOP'.
Comparing this result with the given options, we find that 'DFOP' matches one of the choices.
Revision Table: Letter Analogy Patterns
Letter analogy questions often follow specific patterns. Understanding these can help solve problems faster.
| Type of Pattern | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Positional Shift | Adding or subtracting a fixed number from letter positions. Can be constant or varying per letter. | A to C (+2), B to D (+2) |
| Reverse Order | Letters are in reverse alphabetical order or a section is reversed. | ABC to CBA, ZYX to XYZ |
| Alternating Pattern | Different operations (e.g., +2, -1) apply to alternate letters or positions. | Our example (FKPV to HIRT) uses +2, -2, +2, -2 which is an alternating pattern. |
| Skip Letter Pattern | Skipping a fixed number of letters between consecutive letters in the sequence. | A, C, E, G (skipping 1 letter each time) |
Additional Information: Solving Reasoning Questions
Reasoning questions, especially analogies, test your ability to identify relationships and apply rules. Here are some tips:
- Practice recognizing common patterns like positional shifts, skips, or reversals.
- Write down the alphabetical positions of letters if it helps visualize the pattern.
- Break down the analogy into smaller parts (letter by letter).
- Check if the pattern identified for the first pair consistently applies.
- Consider different types of relationships: position, vowel/consonant, alphabetical order, etc.
Important Questions from Letter based
Four letter-clusters have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and one is different. Select the letter-cluster that is different.
Three of the following four letter-clusters are alike in a certain way and one is different. Pick the odd one out.
Four letter-clusters have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner, while one is different. Select the odd letter-cluster.
Four letter-clusters have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and one is different. Select the one that is different.
Four letter-clusters have been given, out of which three are alike in some manner and one is different. Select the letter-cluster that is different.
