(S1): The Central Indian Highlands known as the Vindhyan Mountains occupy a large basin extending from Chittorgarh in the west to Sasaram and Dehri-on-Sone in the east.
(S6): The Panna District of Madhya Pradesh and the Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh are well-known for diamond production. 
(P): One branch of the basin extends from Sasaram to Hoshangabad. 
(Q): In some of the exposures of the Vindhyan Systems are found diamond-bearing conglomerates. 
(R): This branch of this basin occupies a large continuous area stretching over one lakh square kilometre from the Chambal to the Sone. 
(S): Several isolated exposures of sedimentary rocks occur in the Bastar area of Chhattisgarh.

(S1): Drought is a continuous and lengthy period during which no significant rainfall is recorded during the rainy season. 
(S6): In India, droughts are more frequent in the areas where the average annual rainfall is less than 60 cm and the variability of rainfall is over 20 per cent. 
(P): This definition however, does not apply to Mawsymram and Cherra-punji, where even one week recording less than 0.25 mm of rainfall may be considered as a drought period. 
(Q): In general, the areas recording less than 60 cm of rainfall annually and in which the variability of rainfall is more than 20 per cent are the drought prone areas in India. 
(R): In India, the Meteorological Department has defined drought as a period of at least 22 consecutive days on none of which is there more than 0.25 mm of rainfall. (S) Areas where the variability of rainfall varies between 20 to 60 per cent are the chronic drought prone areas.

(S1): The definition of large farmers differs from state to state in India. 
(S6): This trend increased the income base of those who were already relatively well-off and better placed in society. 
(P): In the initial phase of the Green Revolution, the large farmers were able to adopt the High Yielding Variety easily. 
(Q): The new varieties increased their savings, both to buy machinery that can displace labour and to purchase more land. 
(R): For example, a farmer having 10 acres in Kerala is a large farmer, while in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana he falls under the category of a small or medium farmer. 
(S): All the studies conducted in areas where Green Revolution is a success show that the large farmers have been the main gainers of the package programme.

(S1):The Great Depression was a period of unemployment, low profits, low prices of goods, high poverty and a stand-still trade market that affected the entire world. 
(S6): Most notably among these was the New Deal, which involved large scale federal relief programmes, aid to agriculture, support for labour unions, etc. 
(P): It began around 1929 and lasted till the mid-1930s. 
(Q): Though the stock market crash of 1929 did not cause the Depression, it certainly increased the difficulty of recovery. 
(R): The worst hit sectors were heavy industry, agriculture, mining and logging. 
(S): The Depression ended in 1935 and led to major political initiatives.

(S1):Resources are essential for sustenance as well as for development. 
(S6): Conservation does not prohibit the use of resources but emphasizes judicious and planned use of natural resources. 
(P): Over-exploitation and unplanned consumption of resources for development, however, are leading to their depletion. 
(Q): These consequences can be tackled by adopting resource conservation as a means to manage and save resources for a better future. 
(R): Such depletion has socio-economic and environmental consequences. 
(S): Conservation of resources means efficiently using resources that are needed now, without harming future prospects.

(S1):Land is a very important resource. 
(S6): India has a vast landmass but it is important to ensure careful planning in the utilization of its land resources. 
(P): It is therefore an important asset that needs to be used with care and concern because it is finite in nature. 
(Q): All over the world, land supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, and communication and transport systems. 
(R): Hence, land is of great significance for all nations. 
(S): In consequence to all of these, careful planning of land use assumes the utmost significance.

(S1):The National Forest Policy (1952) has outlined that the desired forest area of a country must be at least 33 per cent of the geographical area. (S6): Some land is termed as land put to other non-agricultural uses; this includes settlements, roads, railways, industries, etc. 
(P): However, the present forest cover is only 23 per cent, much lower than the desired percentage. 
(Q): This was felt to be necessary for maintaining the ecological balance.
R : Some land is termed as wasteland; this includes rocky, arid and desert areas.
S : This creates difficulties for millions of people who live in the fringe areas of forests and depend upon the forests for their livelihood.

(S1): Trade and transport have been very significant in the progress of human life. 
(S6): Thus, trade transport and communication complement each other. 
(P): For a long time trade and transport moved within the restricted boundaries of space and time. 
(Q): This has been made possible by the development of a fast and efficient transport and communication system. 
(R): However, with the developments in the field of science and technology, trade and transport have spread all over the world.
(S): The world has, as a consequence, become one big village and distances have become immaterial or, to be more precise, distances seem to have shrunk.

S1: India has been a welfare state since Independence.
S6: Elimination of poverty, ignorance, diseases and inequality of opportunities, and providing a better quality of life were the basic premise upon which all the plans of the development were built.
P: The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural poverty.
Q: The primary objective of all governmental endeavours has been the welfare of its rural population.
R: It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth itself.
S: Ensuring rural welfare has been one of the main objectives of planned development in India.

The correct sequence should be:

(S1) The minimum thermometer has a large bore and its fluid is colourless alcohol. (S6) The daily temperature is recorded since a permanent, continuous record of temperature is desired. (P) When the meniscus moves up the bore it leaves the index behind to register the lowest temperature. (Q) Resetting the dumbbell of the minimum thermometer is accompanied by the action of inverting the stem until the index slides down to the meniscus. (R) A tiny, dark index in the shape of a long dumbbell is placed in the bore below the top of the alcohol column. (S) It is mounted horizontally and as the alcohol contracts with the decreasing temperature the meniscus of the alcohol pulls the index down.

(S1) The Cretaceous Period extends from about 146 million years ago to 65 million years ago. (S6) During this period, enormous quantities of basaltic lava were poured out to the surface assuming a great thickness of over three thousand meters. (P) Apart from deposits, this period is marked by the transgression of the sea and outpouring of huge quantities of lava so as to form the Deccan trap and intrusion of plutonic rocks such as gabbro and granite. (Q) Towards the end of the Cretaceous Period the peninsula was affected by intense volcanic activity. (R) This outpouring has been widely distributed in the country with divergent facies of deposits being found in different parts of India. (S) In contrast to the relatively newer Himalayas, these facies that are found in different parts of India are much older in origin.

(S1) The Central Indian Highlands known as the Vindhyan Mountains occupy a large basin extending from Chittorgarh in the west to Sasaram and Dehri-on-Sone in the east. (S6) The Panna District of Madhya Pradesh and the Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh are well-known for diamond production. (P) One branch of the basin extends from Sasaram to Hoshangabad. (Q) In some of the exposures of the Vindhyan Systems are found diamond-bearing conglomerates. (R) This branch of this basin occupies a large continuous area stretching over one lakh square kilometre from the Chambal to the Sone. (S) Several isolated exposures of sedimentary rocks occur in the Bastar area of Chhattisgarh.

(S1) Drought is a continuous and lengthy period during which no significant rainfall is recorded during the rainy season. (S6) In India, droughts are more frequent in the areas where the average annual rainfall is less than 60 cm and the variability of rainfall is over 20 per cent. (P) This definition however, does not apply to Mawsymram and Cherra-punji, where even one week recording less than 0.25 mm of rainfall may be considered as a drought period. (Q) In general, the areas recording less than 60 cm of rainfall annually and in which the variability of rainfall is more than 20 per cent are the drought prone areas in India. (R) In India, the Meteorological Department has defined drought as a period of at least 22 consecutive days on none of which is there more than 0.25 mm of rainfall. (S) Areas where the variability of rainfall varies between 20 to 60 per cent are the chronic drought prone areas.