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Question

Read the given statement and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statement is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statement. 

Statement: 

All reds are black. 

Conclusions:

 1. Some blacks are red. 

2. Some reds are black.

This question was previously asked in
RRB NTPC 2019 CBT 1 Question Paper (8-Mar-2021) (Shift 2)
The correct answer is
Both conclusions 1 and 2 follow.

Statement Analysis

The statement "All reds are black" implies that the entire set of items classified as 'reds' is completely included within the set of items classified as 'blacks'.

Conclusion Analysis

  • Conclusion 1: Some blacks are red.

    Since all reds are black, this means that the members belonging to the 'reds' category are also members of the 'blacks' category. Therefore, it is necessarily true that at least some members of the 'blacks' set are also 'reds'. This conclusion logically follows.

  • Conclusion 2: Some reds are black.

    The statement "All reds are black" directly means that every single red item possesses the quality of being black. Thus, it is true that some (in fact, all) reds are black. This conclusion is a direct consequence of the statement and logically follows.

Final Determination

Based on the analysis, both Conclusion 1 and Conclusion 2 are valid deductions derived logically from the given statement.

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Similar Questions

  1. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the statements. 

    Statements: 

    All benches are bags. 

    Some bags are pillows. 

    Some bags are not chairs. 

    Conclusions: 

    Some benches are pillows. 

    Some pillows are chairs.

  2. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:
    1 Some glasses are mugs.
    2 All mugs are plates.
    3 No plate is a telephone.

    Conclusions:
    1. Some glasses are plates.
    2. Some mugs are not telephones.
  3. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statement 1: Some chairs are tables.
    Statement 2: All books are tables.
    Conclusion 1: Some books are chairs.
    Conclusion 2: Some tables are chairs.
  4. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully and decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:
    1. All doctors are players.
    2. Some players are teachers.

    Conclusions:
    1. Some players are doctors as well as teachers.
    2. All teachers are players.
  5. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the statements.

    Statements:
    All silk cloths are woollen cloths.
    No woollen cloth is a nylon cloth.

    Conclusions:
    I. No silk cloth is a nylon cloth.
    II. All woollen cloths are silk cloths.
  6. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the statements.

    Statements:
    Some toffees are candies.
    All candies are lollipops.

    Conclusions:
    I. No lollipop is a toffee.
    II. Some lollipops are candies.
  7. Read the given statement(s) and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statement(s).

    Statements: All eggs are kings. Some kings are tickets.

    Conclusion (I): All tickets are eggs.

    Conclusion (II): Some eggs are tickets.

  8. Read the given statement(s) and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statement(s).

    Statements:

    Some apples are baskets. All baskets are drums.

    Conclusions:

    (I) Some drums are apples.

    (II) No drum is an apple.

  9. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statement: All Corns are Cauliflowers. No Cauliflowers are Spinaches.

    Conclusion (I): No Spinaches are Corns.

    Conclusion (II): Some Spinaches are Corns.


Important Questions from Conventional Syllogism

  1. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:

    No bank is an office.

    All offices are stalls.

    Conclusions:

    I. No bank is a stall.

    II. No stall is a bank.

    III. Some stalls are offices.

    IV. All the stalls are offices

  2. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:

    All flowers are beautiful.

    Vaidehi is beautiful.

    Conclusions:

    I. Vaidehi is a flower.

    II. Some beautiful are flowers.

  3. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:

    1. All rugs are blankets.

    2. All blankets are pillows.

    3. Some blankets are frames.

    Conclusions:

    I. All pillows are rugs.

    II. Some pillows are rugs.

    III. All rugs are frames

  4. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:

    Some fingers are toes.

    Some toes are rings.

    Some rings are hands.

    Conclusions:

    I. Some hands are toes.

    II. Some rings are fingers.

    III. Some hands are fingers.

    V. Some fingers are rings.

  5. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

    Statements:

    All polygons are angles.

    All angles are diagonals.

    All cones are cubes.

    All cubes are decagons.

    No diagonal is a cube.

    Conclusions:

    I. Some diagonals are polygons.

    II. All diagonals are decagons.

    III. No polygon is a cone.

    IV. Some cubes are angles.

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