Assertion (A) Analysis

Assertion (A) states that operant conditioning focuses on studying overt, observable behavior, along with environmental conditions and the processes that shape behavior. This is accurate, as operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, prioritizes empirical observation of actions and their environmental influences.

Reason (R) Analysis

Reason (R) posits that operant conditioning examines the function of behavior rather than personality structure, and is a deterministic theory lacking free will. This statement is also true. Operant conditioning explains behavior based on its consequences and environmental context (function), viewing actions as determined by past experiences and current stimuli, rather than by conscious choice.

Relationship between Assertion and Reason

The reason (R) correctly explains the assertion (A). Because operant conditioning is a deterministic theory that studies the function of behavior and rejects free will, it necessarily focuses on observable actions and the environmental conditions that control them. The emphasis on observable behavior and environmental factors in Assertion (A) is a direct consequence of the theoretical stance described in Reason (R).

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) provides a correct explanation for Assertion (A). Therefore, the correct option is that both are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).