Assertion (A) : Operant conditioning emphasized the study of overt, observable behaviour, environmental conditions and the processes which determine behaviour.
Reason (R) : Operant conditioning deals with the function of behaviour rather than the structure of personality. It is deterministic theory in which there is no free will.
Assertion (A) Analysis
Assertion (A) states that operant conditioning focuses on studying overt, observable behavior, along with environmental conditions and the processes that shape behavior. This is accurate, as operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, prioritizes empirical observation of actions and their environmental influences.
Reason (R) Analysis
Reason (R) posits that operant conditioning examines the function of behavior rather than personality structure, and is a deterministic theory lacking free will. This statement is also true. Operant conditioning explains behavior based on its consequences and environmental context (function), viewing actions as determined by past experiences and current stimuli, rather than by conscious choice.
Relationship between Assertion and Reason
The reason (R) correctly explains the assertion (A). Because operant conditioning is a deterministic theory that studies the function of behavior and rejects free will, it necessarily focuses on observable actions and the environmental conditions that control them. The emphasis on observable behavior and environmental factors in Assertion (A) is a direct consequence of the theoretical stance described in Reason (R).
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) provides a correct explanation for Assertion (A). Therefore, the correct option is that both are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Important Questions from Principles and theories of learning
- A procedure that provides information to the learner in small steps, guarantees immediate feedback and allows the learner to determine the pace with which to complete the task. It is called
- Behaviour modification by the application of operant conditioning consists of the following :
a. Token economy
b. Punishment
c. Time-out
d. Withdrawal of reinforcement Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
List – I List – II a. Observational learning i. Learning where an object is located b. Place learning ii. A response that can be observed by others c. Overt responding iii. The process whereby information is acquired by attending to events in the environment d. Latent learning iv. Learning that takes place independent of reinforcement - Punishment given frequently to young students leads to
- Read each of the following two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R); and indicate your answer using codes given below :
Assertion (A) : Hull proposed that Reaction Potential ($S_E R$) is the product of Habit Strength ($S_H R$) and Drive (D) from this some testable prediction can be made about the rate of eye lid conditioning in relation to drive.
Reason (R) : Hull’s theory is based on Hypothetico-Deductive model which involved deducting testable consequences based on postulates.
