Question
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :List – I List – II a. Observational learning i. Learning where an object is located b. Place learning ii. A response that can be observed by others c. Overt responding iii. The process whereby information is acquired by attending to events in the environment d. Latent learning iv. Learning that takes place independent of reinforcement
The correct answer is
(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
Matching Learning Concepts
This question requires matching different types of learning processes (List-I) with their corresponding descriptions (List-II). Let's analyze each match based on the provided correct answer.
Understanding the Matches
- Observational learning is matched with (iii) The process whereby information is acquired by attending to events in the environment. Observational learning, as studied by Bandura, involves learning by watching others' actions and the consequences of those actions. Attending to environmental events is fundamental to this process.
- Place learning is matched with (i) Learning where an object is located. This type of learning specifically refers to acquiring knowledge about the spatial arrangement or location of objects or places, such as navigating a maze.
- Overt responding is matched with (ii) A response that can be observed by others. Overt means readily visible or apparent. Therefore, overt responding refers to actions or behaviors that are external and can be directly observed.
- Latent learning is matched with (iv) Learning that takes place independent of reinforcement. Latent learning, demonstrated by Tolman, occurs without any obvious reinforcement and may only become apparent when there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Correct Matching Summary
Based on the analysis, the correct pairings are:
- (a) Observational learning – (iii) Acquiring information by attending to environmental events.
- (b) Place learning – (i) Learning where an object is located.
- (c) Overt responding – (ii) A response observable by others.
- (d) Latent learning – (iv) Learning independent of reinforcement.
This corresponds to option (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv).
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a. Token economy
b. Punishment
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