Assertion (A) : Managers differ across cultures in their interpersonal styles and skills.
Reason (R) : Personal values held by a manager shape his perception of a situation.
Analyzing Assertion (A)
Assertion (A) states that managers' interpersonal styles and skills vary across different cultures. This is widely accepted in management studies, as cultural norms significantly influence communication, leadership expectations, and relationship-building in a professional context.
- Cultural norms impact communication styles (direct vs. indirect).
- Perceptions of hierarchy and authority differ.
- Feedback mechanisms and team collaboration vary.
Therefore, Assertion (A) is considered true.
Analyzing Reason (R)
Reason (R) posits that a manager's personal values shape their perception of situations. Values, often deeply rooted in cultural backgrounds and personal experiences, act as a lens through which individuals interpret events, make judgments, and decide on actions.
- Values influence decision-making criteria.
- They affect how managers view problems and solutions.
- Personal values guide interpersonal interactions.
Therefore, Reason (R) is considered true.
Evaluating the Explanation
The question asks if Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). Personal values, as stated in Reason (R), are heavily influenced by culture. These values directly shape how a manager interacts with others (interpersonal styles) and the effectiveness of those interactions (skills), thus explaining why managers differ across cultures.
The cultural context shapes a manager's personal values (R), and these values manifest as differences in their interpersonal approaches and effectiveness in different cultural settings (A). Hence, Reason (R) provides a valid explanation for Assertion (A).
Conclusion: Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Important Questions from Management as a System
Match the following :
Periods Years 1. Pre Scientific Period (a) from 1950 to present 2. Scientific Management Period (b) 1927-1950 3. Human Relations Period (c) Before 1880 4. Synthesis Period (d) 1880-1927 - Peter Ducker was the first to introduce the concept of:
- Which is not the part of "on the job training" ?
- Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
List – I List – II a. Symbolizing i. Employee's belief that how successfully they can accomplish the task in future. b. Forethought ii. Employees process visual experiences that guide for their future actions c. Self-regulatory iii. Employees plan their actions anticipating their desired performance level d. Self-reflective iv. Employees actions by setting internal standards for their performance. - Training and development offer competitive advantage to a firm by
(a) removing performance deficiency
(b) minimizing accidents and damage
(c) making employees stay long
(d) meeting employees personal needs
