Optical fiber works on which of the following principle of light?
Total internal reflection
An optical fibre consists of a denser core (higher refractive index \(n_1\)) surrounded by a rarer cladding (\(n_2<n_1\)).
Light entering the core strikes the core-cladding boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle \(\theta_c=\arcsin(n_2/n_1)\), so it is fully reflected back into the core instead of refracting out. Repeated total internal reflection guides the signal along the fibre, even around bends.
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