Laterite is produced by :
Leaching and oxidation
Laterite is a soil and rock material formed under hot and humid tropical climates with alternating wet and dry seasons.
Heavy rainfall leaches out the soluble bases and silica from the parent rock, while the iron and aluminium compounds left behind are oxidised, giving laterite its red colour and hard crust on drying.
Thus leaching removes the mobile constituents and oxidation fixes the residual iron and aluminium as sesquioxides, which together define the laterisation process.
Carbonation and calcification are typical of drier, base-rich environments, and hydration alone does not explain the removal of silica and the concentration of iron oxides.
Hence, Leaching and oxidation.
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