Assertion (A): Large avalanches usually occur on slopes of 30º–50º. Reason (R): The optimum condition for geomorphologically significant avalanche, snow accumulation are on slope of 30º–50º. Codes:
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) option is correct.
Snow-avalanche geomorphology (Luckman, Rapp) shows that avalanche release requires a slope steep enough to overcome friction yet gentle enough to retain a thick, cohesive snow-pack. Empirical data compiled from the Alps, Rockies, and Himalayas converge on 30°–50° as the release-zone range: below 30° shear stress is too low, and above 50° snow sloughs continuously and cannot accumulate to a geomorphologically effective depth.
The assertion (avalanches on 30°–50°) is factually correct, and the reason (optimal accumulation-plus-instability on that same slope band) directly explains why release is concentrated there — the reason is the correct explanation.
The distractors either sever this cause-and-effect link or deny one of the two well-established observations.
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