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Question

IQ tests are too narrow in focus.' Evaluate the statement from the perspectives of Sternberg and Gardner's theories of intelligence.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Traditional IQ tests focus heavily on analytical skills such as logical reasoning, verbal ability, and mathematical aptitude. Sternberg criticized this narrowness by proposing his Triarchic Theory, which includes analytical, creative, and practical intelligence. According to him, success in life also depends on creativity and adaptability, which IQ tests often overlook. Gardner extended this critique with his theory of Multiple Intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not unitary but consists of varied domains such as linguistic, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal abilities. For example, a musician or sportsperson may not score highly on IQ tests but still demonstrate exceptional intelligence in their field. Both perspectives highlight that human potential cannot be confined to standard IQ measures. Thus, while IQ tests capture certain abilities, they fail to represent the diversity and richness of human intelligence.

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