Involuntary actions like salivation and vomiting are regulated by which specific part of the hind-brain?
Medulla
The question asks which specific part of the hind-brain controls involuntary actions such as salivation and vomiting.
The hind-brain has three main parts - the cerebellum, the pons and the medulla oblongata - and among them the medulla acts as the body's control centre for many automatic, life-sustaining functions.
The medulla (medulla oblongata) connects the brain to the spinal cord and regulates involuntary reflexes like salivation, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure, none of which are under conscious control.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the fore-brain and governs voluntary actions, thought, memory and the senses, so it does not fit an involuntary reflex.
The hypothalamus is also a fore-brain structure (it controls hunger, thirst and body temperature), and the pons mainly relays signals between brain regions and assists in regulating breathing, but the precise reflex centre for salivation and vomiting is the medulla.
Hence, the correct answer is Medulla.
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