In which of the following cases did the Supreme court of India give a ruling that, 'in case of any conflict between the fundamental rights and the directive principles, the former would prevail'?
Champakam Doraijan Case, 1951
The correct answer is Champakam Dorairajan Case, 1951.
In State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan (1951), the Supreme Court of India ruled that in case of any conflict between Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), the Fundamental Rights would prevail. The Court held that DPSPs have to conform to and run subsidiary to the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution.
This judgment led directly to the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951, which inserted Article 31A and Article 31B along with the Ninth Schedule to protect certain laws (especially land reform laws) from being struck down for violating Fundamental Rights.
The other cases dealt with different issues: Golaknath (1967) and Kesavananda Bharati (1973) dealt with Parliament's power to amend Fundamental Rights and the basic structure doctrine, while Minerva Mills (1980) reinforced the balance between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs.
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C. 1951
D. 1952
