Which educational philosophy placed a socially useful productive craft at the centre of basic education, integrating intellectual development with manual work and the dignity of labour?
Gandhi's philosophy of basic education
Gandhi’s basic education, or Nai Talim, organizes learning around a productive craft rather than adding manual work as an unrelated activity. It seeks integrated development of body, mind and spirit and respect for productive labour. This specific curricular principle distinguishes the intended answer.
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| A. Physical disability | I. Deprivation of educational opportunities |
| B. Gender | II. Social construct |
| C. Endogamy | III. Accessibility of facilities |
| D. Educational marginalization | IV. Marriage custom |
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
| List – I (Variables) | List – II (Explanations) |
| a. Confirmity | i. Social influence involving direct request from otders |
| b. Compliance | ii. Process in which members of extreme groups accept tde beliefs and rules in unquestioning way |
| c. Intense indoctrination | iii. Rules indicating how individuals are expected to behave in a specific situation |
| d. Social norms | iv. Social influence in which individuals change tdeir attitude/behaviour to go along witd existing norms |
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the codes given below :
| List – I (Concept) | List – II (Process) |
| a. Cohesiveness and conformity | i. Social influence based on individual’s desire to be liked by others |
| b. Norms and social influence | ii. Social influence based on individual’s desire to be correct-to possess the accurate perceptions of the social world |
| c. Individuation | iii. The need to be distinguishable from others in some respect |
| d. Information and social influence | iv. Accepting influence of those we like |