In the chemical weathering process, the general order of mineral stability is provided by : (1) Goldich dissolution series (2) Penk’s dissolution series (3) Bowen’s reaction series (4) Holme’s reaction series
(1) and (3)
Bowen's reaction series (N.L. Bowen, 1928) gives the order in which silicate minerals crystallise from a cooling magma: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole and biotite along the discontinuous branch, calcium to sodium plagioclase along the continuous branch, and finally orthoclase, muscovite and quartz.
Goldich (1938) studied weathering profiles and found that minerals weather in nearly the same order in which they crystallise. Minerals formed at the highest temperatures (olivine, calcic plagioclase) are the least stable at the surface, while quartz, formed last, is the most resistant.
So the Goldich stability series, read together with Bowen's reaction series, gives the general order of mineral stability in chemical weathering.
Penck is known for his work on slope development and landform evolution, and Holmes for radiometric dating and the convection current hypothesis; neither proposed a mineral stability series.
Hence, (1) and (3).
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