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Question

In enterprise storage, how does a "Copy-on-Write" (CoW) snapshot differ from a traditional backup?

This question was previously asked in
SSC CGL 2025 Tier 2 Paper 1 Question Paper (19-Jan-2026)
The correct answer is

It only stores pointers to data blocks until those blocks are modified.

A snapshot captures the state of stored data at a specific point in time, and the Copy-on-Write (CoW) technique achieves this very efficiently compared with a traditional full backup.

A CoW snapshot differs because it only stores pointers to data blocks until those blocks are modified; instead of duplicating data up front, it simply references the existing blocks.

An original block is copied only at the moment it is about to be overwritten, so the snapshot preserves the old version while the live system continues to change the new one.

This makes the snapshot near-instant to create and very space-efficient, because unchanged data is never copied at all.

By contrast, a traditional backup is not defined by pointer sharing; it is typically stored on a physically separate secondary device, so that description does not fit a CoW snapshot.

A CoW snapshot does not require the system to be taken offline; snapshots are normally captured while the system stays live and in use.

It also does not create a full bit-by-bit clone immediately, which again is the behaviour of a traditional full backup rather than CoW.

Hence the distinguishing feature is that It only stores pointers to data blocks until those blocks are modified.

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Important Questions from Operating Systems

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  4. A collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs is

  5. _____ runs on the computer hardware and serve as a platform for other software.

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