In an industrial process, a mixture of products is obtained when a hydrocarbon undergoes halogenation. Which method can be used to separate the monosubstituted product?
Distillation
Halogenation of a hydrocarbon (for example, chlorination of methane) does not stop at one substitution; it produces a mixture of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted products together with unreacted starting material. All these products are liquids or gases whose boiling points are close but distinctly different, and they are miscible with one another.
Filtration only separates insoluble solids from liquids, so it cannot separate a mixture of liquids. Combustion would destroy the products by burning them. Precipitation is used to bring an insoluble solid out of solution, which is not what is happening here. Distillation, however, exploits the difference in boiling points of the components and vaporises them one at a time, so the monosubstituted product can be collected separately.
Hence, the answer is Distillation.
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