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Question

If p and q are the non-zero roots of the equation x 2+ px + q = 0, then how many possible values can q have?

This question was previously asked in
NDA I 2021 GAT Previous Year Paper (18-Apr-2021)
The correct answer is

One

Understanding the Quadratic Equation and its Roots

The given problem involves a quadratic equation of the form \(x^2 + px + q = 0\). We are told that the roots of this equation are \(p\) and \(q\), and that both \(p\) and \(q\) are non-zero.

For any quadratic equation in the standard form \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\), there are well-known relationships between the coefficients (\(a\), \(b\), \(c\)) and the roots (\(\alpha\), \(\beta\)). These relationships are:

  • Sum of roots: \(\alpha + \beta = -\frac{b}{a}\)
  • Product of roots: \(\alpha \beta = \frac{c}{a}\)

Applying Root Properties to Solve for p and q

In our specific equation, \(x^2 + px + q = 0\), we have:

  • \(a = 1\)
  • \(b = p\)
  • \(c = q\)

The roots are given as \(\alpha = p\) and \(\beta = q\).

Using the Sum of Roots Property

The sum of the roots is \(p + q\). According to the property, this sum must equal \(-\frac{b}{a}\). Substituting the values from our equation:

\(p + q = -\frac{p}{1}\)

\(p + q = -p\)

Now, let's rearrange this equation to relate \(q\) and \(p\):

\(q = -p - p\)

\(q = -2p\) (Equation 1)

Using the Product of Roots Property

The product of the roots is \(p \times q\). According to the property, this product must equal \(\frac{c}{a}\). Substituting the values from our equation:

\(p \times q = \frac{q}{1}\)

\(pq = q\) (Equation 2)

Finding the Possible Values of q

We have two equations based on the properties of roots:

  1. \(q = -2p\)
  2. \(pq = q\)

We are also given that \(p\) and \(q\) are non-zero roots, which means \(p \neq 0\) and \(q \neq 0\).

Let's analyze Equation 2: \(pq = q\)

Since we know \(q \neq 0\), we can divide both sides of the equation by \(q\):

\(\frac{pq}{q} = \frac{q}{q}\)

\(p = 1\)

Now we have found the value of \(p\). We can substitute this value into Equation 1 to find the value of \(q\):

\(q = -2p\)

\(q = -2(1)\)

\(q = -2\)

Verifying the Non-Zero Condition

We found \(p = 1\) and \(q = -2\). Both of these values are non-zero, which satisfies the condition given in the problem.

Thus, the only pair of non-zero roots \(p, q\) that satisfies the equation \(x^2 + px + q = 0\) is \(p=1\) and \(q=-2\).

Conclusion on the Number of Possible Values for q

From our analysis, we found that \(q\) must be equal to \(-2\). There is only one such value that \(q\) can take while satisfying all the conditions of the problem.

Therefore, there is only one possible value for \(q\).


Revision Table: Key Concepts Review

Concept Description Application in Problem
Quadratic Equation An equation of the form \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\) where \(a \neq 0\). Given as \(x^2 + px + q = 0\).
Roots of a Quadratic Equation The values of \(x\) that satisfy the equation. Given as \(p\) and \(q\).
Sum of Roots Property For \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\), sum is \(-b/a\). \(p+q = -p/1 = -p\).
Product of Roots Property For \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\), product is \(c/a\). \(pq = q/1 = q\).
Non-Zero Roots The roots cannot be equal to zero. Used to divide by \(q\) in the product equation (\(q \neq 0\)). \(p \neq 0\) is also a condition.

Additional Information: Understanding Quadratic Equations

A quadratic equation can have real or complex roots. The nature of the roots is determined by the discriminant, \(\Delta = b^2 - 4ac\).

  • If \(\Delta > 0\), there are two distinct real roots.
  • If \(\Delta = 0\), there is exactly one real root (a repeated root).
  • If \(\Delta < 0\), there are two distinct complex roots (conjugate pairs).

In this problem, after finding \(p=1\) and \(q=-2\), the equation becomes \(x^2 + 1x - 2 = 0\), or \(x^2 + x - 2 = 0\). The roots of this specific equation are the values of \(x\) that satisfy it. We can factor this equation:

\(x^2 + 2x - x - 2 = 0\)

\(x(x+2) - 1(x+2) = 0\)

\((x-1)(x+2) = 0\)

The roots are \(x=1\) and \(x=-2\). According to the problem statement, these roots are \(p\) and \(q\).

  • If we assign \(p=1\) and \(q=-2\), this matches our derived values for \(p\) and \(q\). Both are non-zero.
  • If we assign \(p=-2\) and \(q=1\), then substituting into the original equation \(x^2 + px + q = 0\) would give \(x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0\). The roots of this equation are found by factoring: \((x-1)^2 = 0\), which gives a single root \(x=1\). However, the problem states the roots are \(p\) and \(q\), implying two roots (possibly equal, but here non-zero). If the roots were \(p=-2\) and \(q=1\), the roots of \(x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0\) must be \(-2\) and \(1\). This is not true, as the only root is \(1\). Thus, this case is not possible.

This confirms that the only consistent assignment for the roots \(p\) and \(q\) satisfying the conditions is \(p=1\) and \(q=-2\).

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  3. For how many integral values of k, the equation x2 - 4x + k = 0, where k is an integer has real roots and both of them lie in the interval (0, 5) ?

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    2. αβ2 = -1, a = 0

    Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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Important Questions from Quadratic Equations

  1. The number of all possible positive integral values of $\alpha$ for which the roots of the quadratic equation, $10x^2 - 27x + \alpha = 0$ are rational numbers is:
  2. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation

    \(\rm (x^2 - 5x + 5) ^{x^2 + 4x - 60 }= 1\)  is:

  3. The number of integral values of $m$ for which the quadratic expression, $(10m-9)x^2 - 2mx + 1$, where $x \in \mathbb{R}$, is always positive, is

  4. For a quadratic equation, ax 2+ bx + c = 0, if b 2– 4ac = 0, then the roots are,

  5. It is given that the equations x 2– y 2= 0 and (x – a) 2+ y 2= 1 have single positive solution. For this, the value of ‘a’ is

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