Understanding Letter Coding and Decoding

This question is an example of letter coding, which is a common type of verbal reasoning problem. In letter coding, letters of a word are replaced by other letters or symbols according to a specific rule or pattern. To solve these problems, you need to identify the underlying rule and then apply it to the new word provided.

Analyzing the Coding Rule: GREEN to ITGGP

Let's carefully examine the relationship between the letters in the original word "GREEN" and the coded word "ITGGP". We can look at the position of each letter in the English alphabet.

From the table above, it is clear that each letter in the word "GREEN" is shifted forward by 2 positions in the alphabet to get the corresponding letter in the coded word "ITGGP". The rule is: Add 2 to the alphabetical position of each letter.

Applying the Rule to the Word PINK

Now, we will apply the same rule to the word "PINK" to find its coded form.

• P: The position of P in the alphabet is 16. Adding 2, we get $16 + 2 = 18$. The 18th letter is R.
• I: The position of I in the alphabet is 9. Adding 2, we get $9 + 2 = 11$. The 11th letter is K.
• N: The position of N in the alphabet is 14. Adding 2, we get $14 + 2 = 16$. The 16th letter is P.
• K: The position of K in the alphabet is 11. Adding 2, we get $11 + 2 = 13$. The 13th letter is M.

So, applying the +2 shift to each letter of PINK, we get RKPM.

Comparing with the Options

Let's compare our derived coded word "RKPM" with the given options:

1. TUMJ
2. KLON
3. RKQS
4. RKPM

Our calculated code RKPM matches option 4.

Conclusion

Based on the identified coding rule (adding 2 to the alphabetical position of each letter), the word PINK is coded as RKPM.

Revision Table: Letter Coding Review

Additional Information: Types of Letter Coding

Besides the simple shift cipher seen in this problem, letter coding can follow various other patterns. Understanding these can help you tackle more complex problems:

• Direct Letter Substitution: Each letter is directly substituted by another specific letter, often without a consistent mathematical pattern, but sometimes following a fixed code table.
• Positional Value Shifts: Similar to the example, but the shift value might change based on the position of the letter in the word, or its odd/even position in the alphabet.
• Reverse Alphabetical Order: Letters might be coded based on their position counting backward from Z (Z=1, Y=2, etc.).
• Mixed Patterns: A combination of rules might be used, or the rule might apply differently to vowels and consonants.

Practicing various types of coding-decoding questions is crucial for improving your reasoning skills for competitive exams.