Which of the following indicators is NOT typically used to measure sustainable development?
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate
Standard Sustainable Development Indicators measure whether development meets present needs without compromising future generations:
- Biocapacity — measures Earth's productive area available per person ✓
- Human Development Index (HDI) — combines income, education, and health ✓
- Ecological Footprint — measures human demand on nature ✓
- GDP growth rate — measures only economic output; ignores pollution, inequality, resource depletion ✗
GDP growth can occur alongside environmental degradation and social inequality, which is why it is not a direct indicator of sustainable development.
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Which of the following indicators is NOT typically used to measure sustainable development?
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