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Question

_______ determines colour, texture, chemical properties, mineral content and permeability of soil.

This question was previously asked in
SSC CGL 2017 (Tier 1) Previous Year Paper (16-Aug-2017) (Shift 1)
The correct answer is

Parent rock

Soil forms from weathering of the underlying rock. The parent rock supplies the original mineral grains, and through that determines the soil's colour (mineral pigments such as iron oxides), texture (particle size from rock breakdown), chemical properties, mineral content, and permeability (linked to texture).

Climate, time, and flora & fauna modify the soil afterwards but do not originate these intrinsic properties.

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