Consider the following statements :
1. Concentrated \(H_2SO_4\) is used as a dehydrating agent in esterification reaction.
2. The hydrophilic part of soap is oil and it dissolves in water.
3. Nickel is used as a catalyst in converting vegetable oil into fat.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
Analyzing Chemical Statements for Correctness
Evaluate each statement to determine its accuracy.
Statement 1: Role of Concentrated \(H_2SO_4\)
Concentrated sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)) acts as a potent dehydrating agent. In esterification reactions, where esters are formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols, water is produced as a byproduct. By removing this water, concentrated \(H_2SO_4\) drives the equilibrium towards the formation of esters, thus facilitating the reaction. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Statement 2: Soap's Hydrophilic Part
Soaps are surfactant molecules with two distinct parts: a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. The hydrophilic part is typically a charged ionic group (like carboxylate, -COO⁻) which readily interacts with and dissolves in water. The hydrophobic part is a long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain that dissolves in oils and grease. The statement incorrectly identifies the oil part as hydrophilic and claims it dissolves in water. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
Statement 3: Nickel Catalyst in Vegetable Oil Conversion
Vegetable oils are typically unsaturated fats containing long carbon chains with double bonds. Converting these oils into fats (often solid or semi-solid at room temperature, like margarine) involves hydrogenation. This process adds hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double bonds, saturating the chains. Nickel (Ni) is a widely used catalyst in the industrial hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Conclusion: Correct Statements Identified
Based on the analysis:
- Statement 1 is correct.
- Statement 2 is incorrect.
- Statement 3 is correct.
Thus, the correct statements are 1 and 3.
Similar Questions
The handle of pressure cookers is made of plastic because it should be made non-conductor of heat. The plastic used here is the first man-made plastic, which is:
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
List-I
(Compound/Molecule)
List-II
(Shape of Molecule)
A. CH 3F
1. Trigonal planar
B. HCHO
2. Tetrahedral
C. HCN
3. Trigonal pyramidal
D. NH 3
4. Linear
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