Impurities are converted to compounds by adding refining agents in which type of refining method?
Chemical method
In the chemical method of refining, a suitable reagent (refining agent) is added that reacts selectively with the impurities and converts them into compounds, which can then be separated out as slag or as a removable layer, leaving the pure metal behind.
A classic example is the refining of pig iron into steel, where impurities like carbon, silicon and manganese are oxidised into compounds and removed. Thus the defining feature of the chemical method is the conversion of impurities into compounds by added agents.
The physical method (such as liquation, distillation or poling) separates impurities using differences in physical properties without forming new compounds. The electro-chemical (electrolytic) method uses an electric current to deposit pure metal at the cathode, not chemical reagents to bind impurities. "Ionic method" is not a recognised standard refining technique.
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