Change the following sentence from passive to active: By whom were the candidates shortlisted for the interview?
Who shortlisted the candidates for the interview?
Passive: By whom were the candidates shortlisted for the interview?
'were shortlisted' is simple past passive (was/were + past participle). In the active, the tense must stay simple past: 'shortlisted'.
'By whom' asks about the doer, so in the active it becomes the subject question word 'Who'. When 'Who' is the subject, no auxiliary 'did' is needed: 'Who shortlisted ...?'
The object 'the candidates' returns to the object position after the verb.
'had shortlisted' (past perfect) and 'has shortlisted' (present perfect) change the tense, and 'Had anyone ...' changes the question itself.
Hence, the answer is Who shortlisted the candidates for the interview?
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