Blood group of an individual is determined by
None of the above
Blood group is decided by the antigens on the red-cell surface, which is none of the three options given — option 4.
What actually determines it. The membrane of the red blood cell carries inherited protein and carbohydrate markers called antigens or agglutinogens. In the ABO system there are two, A and B, and the plasma carries the corresponding antibodies or agglutinins against whichever antigen is absent :
| Group | Antigen on the red cell | Antibody in the plasma | Can receive from |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | A | anti-B | A, O |
| B | B | anti-A | B, O |
| AB | A and B | None | All — the universal recipient |
| O | None | anti-A and anti-B | O only — but is the universal donor |
Why each option fails. Haemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying pigment inside the cell and is chemically identical in every blood group — it has nothing to do with grouping. White cells play no part; grouping is a property of the red cell alone. And the shape of the red cell is the same biconcave disc in every group; an altered shape means disease, as in sickle-cell anaemia, not a different group.
The Rh factor. A separate antigen, D, gives the positive or negative sign. Its importance is in pregnancy: an Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive child may form antibodies that attack the red cells of a later such child, a condition called erythroblastosis fetalis, prevented by giving anti-D immunoglobulin.
Discovery. The ABO system was described by Karl Landsteiner in 1900, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1930; it is what made safe transfusion possible.
Hence, the answer is None of the above.
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Important Questions from Human body
- Which of the following minerals is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
- How many pairs of false ribs are located above the floating ribs that are connected to each other by costal cartilage?
- Which mineral helps in the formation of insulin granules, digestion, metabolism and functioning of the male prostate?
- Which of these nutrients is the main energy source for the body/ human diet?
Consider the following statements regarding diabetes:
1. It is caused by the oversecretion of insulin by pancreas.
2. The glucose level increases in the blood.
3. The patient urinates frequently, loses weight and becomes lethargic.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
