A shopkeeper buys a laptop for 40,000. He first sells it at a 20% profit. Later, the buyer ₹ sells it to another person at a 10% loss. What is the final selling price of the laptop?
Option A
This is a chain-of-transactions profit-and-loss problem, where the item is sold, and then the new owner sells it again. The trick is to compute each stage on the cost price of that particular seller, because a profit or loss percentage always refers to the price at which that person bought the item.
Stage 1 — the shopkeeper sells: The shopkeeper's cost price is ₹40,000 and he books a 20% profit.
Profit = 20% of 40,000 = 0.20 × 40,000 = ₹8,000.
Selling price = 40,000 + 8,000 = ₹48,000. (Equivalently, 40,000 × 1.20 = 48,000.)
Stage 2 — the buyer resells at a 10% loss: For this second seller, the cost price is now ₹48,000 (what he paid), not the original ₹40,000. A 10% loss on 48,000:
Loss = 10% of 48,000 = 0.10 × 48,000 = ₹4,800.
Final selling price = 48,000 − 4,800 = ₹43,200. (Equivalently, 48,000 × 0.90 = 43,200.)
So the final selling price of the laptop is ₹43,200.
The most common error is to apply the 10% loss on the original ₹40,000 (giving 40,000 × 0.90 = 36,000) instead of on ₹48,000. Another mistake is to combine +20% and −10% into a net +10% and take 44,000; the successive-percentage effect is 1.20 × 0.90 = 1.08, i.e. only an 8% net gain, giving ₹43,200.
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Important Questions from Profit and Loss
Ram bought a chair at 35% discount on its market price, Had Ram got no discount, he would have had to pay ₹245 more. How much did Ram pay for the chair?
A shopkeeper bought an item for Rs. 4,500 and sold it at a loss of 5%. From this money, he bought another item and sold it at a profit of 10%. What is his overall profit?
A man sells two articles at Rs. 9,180 each. He gains 8% on one article and loses 15% on the other. His overall profit or loss is:
A shopkeeper selling an article for ₹46 loses 8%. In order to gain 6%, what should be the selling price of the article?
Rahul purchased 80 items from the market. 25% items of the total items were defective and the remaining items were sold at 50% profit. What will be the overall profit percentage?
