A heat treatment process is required to maximize the shock resistance of a tool used for impact operations. Which process should be applied to achieve the required property enhancement?
Tempering after quenching
A tool used for impact operations must combine enough hardness to keep an edge with enough toughness to absorb repeated blows without cracking, that is, it needs shock resistance.
Quenching transforms the heated steel into a very hard but brittle structure that is full of locked-in internal stress.
A tool left in the quenched-only state would therefore shatter under the first heavy impact, so quenching without tempering cannot give shock resistance.
Reheating that hardened tool to a moderate temperature and cooling it, which is tempering after quenching, relieves the internal stresses and restores toughness while retaining useful hardness.
Normalizing refines grain but leaves the steel relatively soft, and full annealing deliberately softens it for machining, so neither produces the hard-yet-tough impact condition.
The process that maximises shock resistance is therefore hardening followed by tempering.
Hence, the answer is Tempering after quenching.
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