To determine the correct phase present in a steel sample heated above the upper critical temperature, we need to refer to the iron-carbon phase diagram. This diagram is a crucial tool in metallurgy that shows the phases of iron-carbon alloys depending on temperature and carbon content.

Let's analyze the given options:

1. Cementite: Cementite (Fe₃C) is a hard, brittle compound of iron and carbon. It forms part of the microstructure in steel, particularly in pearlite and other structures, usually under lower temperatures or different carbon concentrations.
2. Ferrite: Ferrite is a body-centered cubic (BCC) form of iron that is stable at room temperature. It is the primary phase in carbon steels at temperatures below the lower critical point and in low-carbon steels.
3. Austenite: Austenite is a face-centered cubic (FCC) phase of iron. It is stable at high temperatures - particularly above the upper critical temperature - in steels. This phase can dissolve more carbon, influencing steel properties significantly.
4. Pearlite: Pearlite is a combination of ferrite and cementite layers formed by the slow cooling of Austenite. It appears below the upper critical point as steel is cooled further.

When steel is heated above its upper critical temperature, the primary phase present is Austenite. This is because Austenite is the stable phase in steel at these high temperatures, capable of holding a considerable amount of carbon in solid solution, which is why it forms above the critical temperature.

Conclusion: The correct answer is Austenite, as it is the predominant phase in steel when heated above the upper critical point, according to the iron-carbon phase diagram.