International Criminal Court (ICC) - Key Facts, Role, and Structure

Why in News?

The ICC's arrest of Rodrigo Duterte reflects its rare success, influenced by political shifts and cooperation, despite challenges in prosecuting national leaders for crimes.

What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?

• The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent judicial body established by the Rome Statute of 1998. It serves as a vital institution for ensuring justice and accountability in cases involving serious international crimes.

ICC's Jurisdiction and Crimes Under Its Mandate

The ICC has jurisdiction over individuals accused of the following crimes:

• Genocide
• War crimes
• Crimes against humanity
• Crimes of aggression

Location and Membership

• Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands
• Member States: 123 countries are parties to the Rome Statute

Structure and Key Components of the ICC

• Judges: The ICC comprises 18 judges from different member states, each serving a non-renewable nine-year term.
• The Presidency: Composed of three judges (the President and two Vice-Presidents) elected from among the judges.
• Judicial Divisions:
  • Pre-Trial Division
  • Trial Division
  • Appeals Division
• Office of the Prosecutor (OTP): The OTP is responsible for:
  • Receiving referrals
  • Collecting and analyzing information on crimes within the ICC's jurisdiction
• Registry: The Registry handles administrative and operational support for the ICC's Chambers and the OTP.

Relationship with the United Nations (UN)

• Article 2 of the Rome Statute outlines the ICC's relationship with the United Nations.
• The UN Security Council can refer cases to the ICC when a situation falls outside the Court's initial jurisdiction, thereby expanding its authority.

Why is the ICC Important?

The ICC plays a pivotal role in promoting international justice, ensuring accountability, and deterring serious crimes worldwide. By addressing crimes that threaten global peace and security, the ICC strengthens the rule of law on a global scale.