Why were the early Congress leaders described as "Moderates" during the period 1885–1905?
They adopted constitutional methods such as petitions and discussions to seek political reforms.
The early leaders of the Indian National Congress between 1885 and 1905, such as Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Surendranath Banerjee, are known as the Moderates.
They believed in constitutional methods such as submitting petitions, memoranda, resolutions, and holding discussions with the British government to seek gradual political and administrative reforms.
They had faith in British justice and sought reform through dialogue and persuasion rather than confrontation or mass agitation, unlike the later Extremists.
Hence, the early Congress leaders were called Moderates because they adopted constitutional methods such as petitions and discussions to seek political reforms.
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