Which type of well-managed industry was established in India at the time of independence?
Steel and Cotton
The correct answer is Steel and Cotton.
At the time of independence in 1947, India's industrial base was narrow, but two industries had developed into reasonably well-established sectors: the cotton textile industry and the iron and steel industry. Cotton textile mills, concentrated in Bombay and Ahmedabad, had been operating since the mid-19th century, while the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), set up at Jamshedpur in 1907, had made India a notable steel producer in Asia.
Other industries like cement, sugar, paper and jute existed but were comparatively smaller in scale. Heavy industries such as electronics, electricals, machine tools and chemicals were almost absent and developed only after independence under the Five-Year Plans.
Hence, Steel and Cotton represent the two well-managed industries established in India at the time of independence.
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