The Kosi is called the Sorrow of Bihar — option 3.

Why it earned the name. The Kosi rises in the high Himalaya of Nepal and Tibet, gathering seven headstreams — hence its other name, the Saptakoshi — and drops from mountain to plain in a very short distance. It therefore arrives at the Bihar plain carrying an enormous load of silt and losing its gradient abruptly. The silt is dumped on the flat land, the bed rises, and the river spills out and finds a new course.

The engineering response. The Kosi Barrage at Bhimnagar, on the India-Nepal border, was built under the Indo-Nepal treaty of 1954, with embankments running down both banks to hold the river to a fixed channel. The embankments confined the flood but also trapped the silt inside them, so the bed within the embankments has continued to rise — and when a breach occurs, the water falls on land far below the river level. That is what happened in August 2008, when the eastern embankment breached at Kusaha in Nepal, the river took an old channel far to the east, and about three million people in Bihar were affected.

Distinguishing the others. The Damodar was called the Sorrow of Bengal before the Damodar Valley Corporation dams; the Hwang Ho is the Sorrow of China, for exactly the same reason of silt and shifting course. The Son and the Gandak also flood, but neither carries this name; the Ganga is the trunk river into which all of them drain.

Hence, the answer is Kosi.