Which of the following statements regarding 'aurora' is/are correct? 1. The solar wind upon reaching the Earth's atmosphere is directed towards two magnetic poles and a colourful display of lights is seen in the night sky. 2. The particles interact with the different gases of the atmosphere and each gas glows with a particular colour. 3. In April 2023, aurora was captured in the night sky in India by the Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle, Ladakh. Select the answer using the code given below:
Aurora — Evaluating the Statements
Statement 1 — Correct. Charged particles of the solar wind are guided by Earth's magnetic field towards the two magnetic poles, where they excite atmospheric gases and produce the colourful auroral display in the night sky.
Statement 2 — Incorrect. Saying each gas glows with a single particular colour is an oversimplification: the same gas can emit different colours — for example oxygen glows green at lower altitudes and red at higher altitudes, depending on altitude and excitation.
Statement 3 — Correct. During the strong geomagnetic storm of April 2023, an aurora (a stable auroral red arc) was indeed captured from the Indian Astronomical Observatory at Hanle, Ladakh.
Hence statements 1 and 3 are correct.
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