Let's analyze the properties of gravitational force to determine which statement is NOT correct. Gravitational force is one of the fundamental forces in the universe. It is described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, which states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

The formula for gravitational force ($\(F\)$) between two bodies with masses \(m_1\) and \(m_2\), separated by a distance \(r\), is given by:

$\(F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}\)$

Where \(G\) is the gravitational constant.

Analyzing Gravitational Force Statements

Let's examine each statement provided in the options:

• Statement 1: It is experienced by all bodies in the universe.

  According to Newton's Law, gravity is universal. Every object with mass exerts a gravitational pull on every other object with mass, regardless of how small or large they are or how far apart they are. So, this statement is correct.

• Statement 2: It is a dominant force between celestial bodies.

  Celestial bodies like planets, stars, and galaxies have enormous masses. Because gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of masses ($\(m_1 m_2\)$), the force between these massive objects is very strong. It is gravity that holds planets in orbit around stars, stars in galaxies, and galaxies in clusters. Therefore, it is the dominant force on a large scale between celestial bodies. This statement is correct.

• Statement 3: It is a negligible force for atoms.

  Atoms have extremely small masses. While gravitational force exists between atoms, its magnitude is incredibly tiny compared to other fundamental forces acting at the atomic level, such as electromagnetic forces (which bind electrons to the nucleus and atoms together) or nuclear forces (binding protons and neutrons). Thus, gravity is indeed negligible at the atomic scale. This statement is correct.

• Statement 4: It is same for all pairs of bodies in our universe.

  The formula $\(F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}\)$ clearly shows that the gravitational force between two bodies depends on their specific masses ($\(m_1\)$ and \(m_2\)) and the distance ($\(r\)$) between them. Since different pairs of bodies have different masses and different distances between them, the gravitational force will be different for different pairs. For example, the force between the Earth and the Moon is different from the force between the Earth and the Sun, and both are different from the force between two apples on a table. This statement is incorrect.

Based on the analysis, the statement that is NOT correct about gravitational force is that it is the same for all pairs of bodies in our universe.

Revision Table: Properties of Gravitational Force

Additional Information about Gravitational Interaction

Understanding gravitational force is crucial in physics and astronomy. Here are a few more points:

• Gravity is responsible for weight. Your weight is the force of gravity exerted by the Earth (or any other celestial body you are on) on your body.
• Gravity causes tides in oceans due to the differential pull of the Moon and the Sun on different parts of the Earth.
• Einstein's theory of General Relativity provides a more accurate description of gravity, especially in strong gravitational fields (like near black holes) or at high speeds. It describes gravity not as a force, but as a curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy. However, for everyday situations and between celestial bodies like planets, Newton's law is a very good approximation.