Which of the following physical quantities affect gravitational potential energy?
Mass and height
Near the Earth's surface, the gravitational potential energy of a body is given by U = mgh, where m is its mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height above a chosen reference.
Hence the two variable physical quantities that decide the value of U for a given body on Earth are its mass and its height above the reference level.
Temperature, colour, volume, shape, and speed do not appear in this expression; speed relates to kinetic energy, not gravitational potential energy.
Hence, mass and height are the quantities that affect gravitational potential energy.
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