Answer the questions that follow based on either English passage or Marathi passage. Biology is the study of living things and their vital processes. The field deals with all the physicochemical aspects of life. The modern tendency toward cross-disciplinary research and the unification of scientific knowledge and investigation from different fields has resulted in significant overlap of field of biology with other scientific disciplines. Modern principles of other fields-chemistry, physics, and medicine, for example-are integrated with those of biology in areas such as biochemistry, biomedicine, and biophysics. Biology is subdivided into separate branches for convenience of study, though all the subdivisions are interrelated by basic principles. Thus, while it is custom to separate the study of plants (botany) from that of animals (zoology), and the study of the structure of organisms (morphology) from that of function (physiology), all living things share in common certain biological phenomena-for example, various means of reproduction, cell division, and the transmission of genetic material. Biology is often approached on the basis of levels that deal with fundamental units of life. At the level of molecular biology, life is regarded as a manifestation of chemical and energy transformations that occur among the many chemical constituents that compose an organism. As a result of the development of increasingly powerful and precise laboratory instruments and techniques, it is possible to understand and define with high precision and accuracy not only the ultimate physiochemical organization (ultrastructure) of the molecules in living matter but also the way living matter reproduces at the molecular level. Especially crucial to those advances was the rise of genomics in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Which of the following most accurately expresses the central conceptual progression of the passage ?
From biology as a unified study of life → to specialized but interconnected branches → to increasingly precise molecular-level investigation enabled by technological and genomic advances.
To find the central progression, the three paragraphs of the passage should be read in order. The first paragraph presents biology as the study of living things and all the physicochemical aspects of life, a unified field that now overlaps with chemistry, physics and medicine through cross-disciplinary research.
The second paragraph explains that biology is subdivided into branches such as botany, zoology, morphology and physiology for convenience, while all of them stay interrelated by basic principles. The third paragraph moves to the molecular level, where powerful instruments and techniques, together with the rise of genomics, allow highly precise study of molecules and reproduction. So the movement is from a unified study, to interconnected branches, to precise molecular investigation.
The sequence that starts with molecular biology reverses the actual order and invents an integration of botany and zoology. The claim that chemistry and physics replace biology contradicts the passage, which speaks only of overlap. The idea of rejecting specialised branches is also wrong, because the passage accepts those branches as useful.
Hence, From biology as a unified study of life → to specialized but interconnected branches → to increasingly precise molecular-level investigation enabled by technological and genomic advances.
Similar Questions
Answer Question based on either English passage :
Despite its extraordinary name `ergonomics' is not just something which has been dreamed up by boffins to confuse busy businessmen. It is a practical science which can make and is making a valuable contribution to industry. Research being carried out in this field can increase efficiency, improve product design and make employees more contented.
Broadly, ergonomics is the study of the relationship between man and his working environment. It involves designing or redesigning machines and equipments so that due regard is given to the capabilities and limitations -- physical and psychological -- of the human beings who have to use or operate them.
In contrast to the more common, traditional policy of `fitting the man to the machine' by selecting and training the best man for each particular job, the ergonomist endeavours to fit the machine to the man-any man.
He accepts people, in fact, as he finds them with all their quirks and idiosyncracies, and tries to establish their capabilities as machine operators. He then attempts to allocate to the human operator the functions each can perform best. His object is to enable a person of ordinary abilities to carry out his tasks safely and efficiently, with a minimum of instruction.
The ergonomist himself needs a knowledge of a number of sciences and techniques in order to carry out his work.
The given passage states that Mahatma Gandhi largely succeeded in .................. .
What do you understand by the phrase “to be rid of ” ?
What did Mahatma Gandhi represent ?
The main contribution of Gandhi to India has been ................. .
What, do you think, is the correct meaning of the term “bourgeois” ?
The object of an ergonomist is ............
What is the more common or traditional policy ?
Ergonomics is the study of ..............
What do you understand by `boffins' ?
Important Questions from Reading Comprehension
What is the meaning of ‘intrigued’?
What are ice shelves?
What are icebergs?
When the iceberg turns upside down, it appears ________.
The use of science in its simple form has helped man to ____________
