Which of the following languages is NOT recognised in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution?
Bhojpuri
Understanding the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution
The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists the languages recognised by the Republic of India. Originally, it had 14 languages. Subsequently, eight more languages were added through various amendments, bringing the total number of recognised languages to 22.
Languages Listed in the Eighth Schedule
As of now, the Eighth Schedule recognises the following 22 languages:
- Assamese
- Bengali
- Bodo
- Dogri
- Gujarati
- Hindi
- Kannada
- Kashmiri
- Konkani
- Maithili
- Malayalam
- Manipuri
- Marathi
- Nepali
- Odia
- Punjabi
- Sanskrit
- Santhali
- Sindhi
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Urdu
Analyzing the Given Options
Let's examine each language provided in the options to determine if it is included in the Eighth Schedule:
- Bhojpuri: Bhojpuri is a language spoken in parts of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh in India, and also in Nepal. As of the current list of languages in the Eighth Schedule, Bhojpuri is NOT included. There have been demands for its inclusion, but it is not yet a recognised language in the Schedule.
- Santhali: Santhali is a language spoken by the Santhal people. It was added to the Eighth Schedule by the 92nd Amendment Act, 2003. Therefore, Santhali IS a recognised language in the Eighth Schedule.
- Sindhi: Sindhi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by Sindhis. It was added to the Eighth Schedule by the 21st Amendment Act, 1967. Therefore, Sindhi IS a recognised language in the Eighth Schedule.
- Nepali: Nepali is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, parts of India, Bhutan, and Myanmar. It was added to the Eighth Schedule by the 71st Amendment Act, 1992. Therefore, Nepali IS a recognised language in the Eighth Schedule.
Based on the analysis, Bhojpuri is the language among the options that is NOT recognised in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
Revision Table: Status of Languages in Options
| Language | Recognised in Eighth Schedule? |
|---|---|
| Bhojpuri | No |
| Santhali | Yes (Added by 92nd Amendment, 2003) |
| Sindhi | Yes (Added by 21st Amendment, 1967) |
| Nepali | Yes (Added by 71st Amendment, 1992) |
Additional Information on Eighth Schedule Languages
The inclusion of a language in the Eighth Schedule signifies its official recognition by the Government of India. This recognition has several implications, including:
- Representation on the Official Languages Commission.
- Permission to be used in examinations conducted for public services at the central level.
- Development of the language by the Sahitya Akademi (National Academy of Letters).
The languages currently in the Eighth Schedule reflect the linguistic diversity of India. The process of adding languages involves various considerations and demands from different linguistic groups.
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