Which of the following is not the primary mode of transmission of communicable diseases ?
Overcrowding
Communicable diseases spread from an infected source to a host through definite modes of transmission.
Airborne transmission (droplets, droplet nuclei – e.g. tuberculosis, influenza), direct contact (touch, skin, sexual contact – e.g. scabies, leprosy) and water-borne transmission (contaminated water – e.g. cholera, typhoid) are all primary modes.
Overcrowding is not itself a mode of transmission; it is a social/environmental risk factor that increases the chances of spread through the actual modes such as airborne and contact routes.
Hence, the answer is Overcrowding.
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