Which of the following is NOT a fundamental duty?
To enact a uniform civil code
Understanding Fundamental Duties in India
Fundamental Duties are moral obligations of all citizens of India to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties are enshrined in Article 51A of Part IV-A of the Constitution, added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally ten in number, the 86th Amendment Act, 2002 added one more duty.
Analyzing the Options Provided
Let's examine each option to determine which one is NOT a Fundamental Duty as listed in Article 51A:
- Option 1: To strive for excellence
This is indeed a Fundamental Duty. Article 51A(j) states, "to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement." - Option 2: To enact a uniform civil code
This is NOT a Fundamental Duty. This objective is listed as a Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) under Article 44, which states, "The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India." DPSPs are guidelines for the state to follow while formulating policies and enacting laws, whereas Fundamental Duties are obligations of the citizens. - Option 3: Spirit of common brotherhood
This is a Fundamental Duty. Article 51A(e) mentions, "to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women." - Option 4: To protect sovereignty and integrity of India
This is also a Fundamental Duty. Article 51A(c) states, "to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India."
Detailed Comparison: Fundamental Duties vs. Directive Principles
It's important to distinguish between Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs). Both are important parts of the Indian Constitution, but they serve different purposes and have different characteristics.
| Feature | Fundamental Duties | Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) |
|---|---|---|
| Part of Constitution | Part IV-A | Part IV |
| Source | Inspired by USSR Constitution | Inspired by Irish Constitution |
| Nature | Obligations of citizens | Guidelines for the State |
| Enforceability | Non-justiciable (generally) | Non-justiciable |
| Aim | Promote civic sense, discipline, patriotism | Establish a welfare state, social and economic democracy |
| Uniform Civil Code | Not included | Included (Article 44) |
Based on this comparison and the analysis of the options, the objective "To enact a uniform civil code" clearly falls under Directive Principles, not Fundamental Duties.
Conclusion
The question asks which option is NOT a fundamental duty. By examining the options against the list of Fundamental Duties in Article 51A and understanding the distinction between Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles, we can conclude that "To enact a uniform civil code" is the correct answer as it is a Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 44).
Revision Table: Fundamental Duties & DPSPs
| Concept | Key Characteristic | Example (from options/discussion) |
|---|---|---|
| Fundamental Duties | Citizen's obligations | Strive for excellence, Common brotherhood, Protect sovereignty |
| Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) | State's guidelines | To enact a uniform civil code |
Additional Information: Importance of Fundamental Duties
Although not legally enforceable in the same way as Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties play a crucial role. They serve as a reminder to citizens that while enjoying their rights, they also have certain duties towards the nation and society. They help in promoting a sense of discipline and commitment towards the nation. They also serve as a source of inspiration for citizens and promote a sense of national pride.
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