Which of the following is considered an admission under the BSA, 2023?
A voluntary statement by a party acknowledging a fact
A voluntary statement by a party acknowledging a fact is correct.
Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, which replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 from 1 July 2024, an admission is a statement, oral, documentary or electronic, made by a party to the proceeding (or a person connected with it as the Act specifies) that suggests an inference about a fact in issue or a relevant fact (Sections 15–16).
So a voluntary statement by a party acknowledging a fact is an admission and can be proved against the person who made it.
A rumour repeated in court is hearsay; a statement by a person not involved in the case is not made by a party; and a statement extracted under duress is not voluntary, so it cannot be relied on as an admission or confession.
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