Which of the following is an example of coagulation in everyday life?
Adding vinegar in milk to form paneer
Coagulation is the process in which the colloidal particles of a dispersed phase come together and settle as a curdy mass, usually when the charge on them is neutralised (by adding an electrolyte, acid or heat). Milk is a colloidal dispersion of casein protein in water.
When vinegar (a weak acid) is added to milk, the H⁺ ions neutralise the negative charge on casein micelles, they clump together and precipitate as paneer — a classical example of coagulation. Extracting salt is crystallisation from a solution, filtering sand is a mechanical separation of a suspension, and chromatography is a separation based on differential adsorption — none of these are coagulation.
Hence, the answer is Adding vinegar in milk to form paneer.
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