Which of the following conclusion/s is/are valid based on the statements given below ? Statement I : Some tigers are goats. Statement II : All political leaders are intelligent. Conclusion 1 : Some goats are not tigers. Conclusion 2 : Some political leaders are intelligent. Code :
2 only
In a syllogism, a conclusion is valid only when it follows necessarily from the given statements. Two standard rules decide this question: a particular affirmative statement (“Some A are B”) can be converted only to “Some B are A”, and a universal affirmative statement (“All A are B”) implies its particular form “Some A are B”.
Step 1 — From Statement I, “Some tigers are goats”, the only certain inference is “Some goats are tigers”. Nothing is said about goats outside the overlap; it is possible that every goat is a tiger. So Conclusion 1, “Some goats are not tigers”, does not follow necessarily.
Step 2 — From Statement II, “All political leaders are intelligent”, the whole class of political leaders lies inside the class of intelligent persons. If all of them are intelligent, then some of them certainly are, so Conclusion 2 follows by implication.
Step 3 — Only Conclusion 2 is valid. The choice “1 only” accepts an inference that the statements do not force, “1 and 2 both” carries the same error, and “Neither 1 nor 2” wrongly rejects the conclusion implied by the universal statement.
2 only option is correct.
Similar Questions
Which of the following conclusion/s is/are valid based on the statements given below ?
Statement I : All tax payers are honest.
Statement II : All students are honest.
Conclusion 1 : Some tax payers are not honest.
Conclusion 2 : Some students are tax payers.
Code :
Which of the following is the valid conclusion based on the statements given below ?
Statement I : Some animals are intelligent.
Statement II : Intelligent animals are monkeys.
Conclusion 1 : All monkeys are intelligent.
Conclusion 2 : Horses are intelligent.
Code :
Which of the following conclusion/s is/are valid based on the statements given below ?
Statement I : Some flowers are green.
Statement II : All green things are fruits.
Conclusion 1 : All fruits are flowers.
Conclusion 2 : All flowers are fruits.
Important Questions from Syllogism
The statements below are followed by conclusions labeled I, II and III. Assuming that the information in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with generally established facts, decide which conclusion(s) logically and definitely follow(s) from the information given in the statements.
Statements:
All twenty are thirty.
All thirty are forty.
All forty are sixty.
All sixty are seventy.
Conclusions:
I. Some forty are thirty.
II. Some seventy are sixty.
III. No thirty is twenty.The statements below are followed by two conclusions labelled I and II. Assuming that the information in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with generally established facts, decide which conclusion(s) logically and definitely follow(s) from the information given in the statements.
Statements:
All Strong are animals.
Some animals are Tigers.
All Tigers are Sharp.
Conclusions:
I. Some Strong are Sharp.
II. No Strong is Sharp.The statements below are followed by conclusions labelled I, II and III. Assuming that the information in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with generally established facts, decide which conclusion(s) logically and definitely follow(s) from the information given in the statements.Statements:
Some women are weak.
Some weaks are female.
All female are iron.
All iron are gold.Conclusions:
I. Some weaks are iron.
II. Some gold are weaks.
III. Some women are female.
The statements below are followed by two conclusions labeled I and II. Assuming that the information in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with generally established facts, decide which conclusion(s) logically and definitely follow(s) from the information given in the statements.Statements:
Some teaspoons are glasses.
All teddies are teaspoons.
Conclusions:
I. Some teddies are glasses.
II. Some glasses are teddies.
The statements below are followed by two conclusions labeled I and II. Assuming that the information in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with generally Established facts, decide which conclusion(s) logically and definitely follow(s) from the Information, Given in the Statements.
Statements:
All bangles are rings.
Some rings are toys.
Some toys are dolls.
Conclusions:
I. Some rings are bangles.
II. Some dolls are rings.
