Statements:
All sparrows are owls.
No sparrow is a parrot.
Conclusions:
(I): No owl is a parrot.
(II): No parrot is a sparrow.
Only conclusion (II) follows.
The correct answer is Only conclusion (II) follows.
Step-by-Step Logical Analysis
To solve syllogisms accurately, we can use a Venn diagram to map the relationships between the categories.
1. Analyze the Statements:
"All sparrows are owls": This means the "Sparrows" circle is entirely contained within the "Owls" circle.
"No sparrow is a parrot": This means there is no overlap between the "Sparrows" circle and the "Parrots" circle.
2. Evaluate Conclusion (I): "No owl is a parrot."
From the statements, we know that the part of the "Owls" circle that contains "Sparrows" cannot be "Parrots."
However, there is no information about the rest of the "Owls" circle. It is entirely possible for the "Owls" circle to overlap with the "Parrots" circle, as long as that overlap doesn't touch the "Sparrows."
Since it is not a certainty, this conclusion does not follow.
3. Evaluate Conclusion (II): "No parrot is a sparrow."
Statement 2 explicitly says "No sparrow is a parrot."
In logic, "No A is B" is always reversible to "No B is A."
Since there is zero overlap between the two, this conclusion follows definitely.
Important Questions from Syllogism
- Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements.
Statements:
All water is milk.
No milk is oil.
Conclusions:
(I) Some milk is water.
(II) No oil is water. - Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements.
Statements:
Some vegetables are fruits.
Some fruits are sweets.
Conclusions:
(I) Some fruits are vegetables.
(II) Some sweets are vegetables. Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All forests are hills.
Some hills are deserts.
Conclusions:
(I): All hills are forests.
(II): Some deserts are hills.Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
All bottles are ludo.
All ludo are dancer.
Conclusions:
(I): Some dancers are ludo.
(II): All bottles are dancers.- Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the statements.
Statements:
Some woods are chisels.
Some chisels are graphs.
Conclusions:
(I) Some woods are graphs.
(II) All graphs are chisels.
