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Question

Which of the following cells regulates the cellular function of sieve tube cells?

The correct answer is

Companion cells

Sieve tube cells (sieve tube elements) are the food-conducting cells of phloem. At maturity they lose their nucleus and most organelles, so they cannot control their own cellular activities.

Each sieve tube element has a closely associated companion cell, which has a nucleus and dense cytoplasm and is connected to it by plasmodesmata. The companion cell carries out the metabolic work and regulates the functions of the sieve tube cell, including the loading and unloading of food.

Xylem vessels are dead cells that conduct water and minerals. Phloem fibres are thick-walled sclerenchyma cells that give mechanical support, and phloem parenchyma stores food and other substances; none of these controls the sieve tube cells.

Hence, Companion cells.

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