Which of the following biological processes explains why human muscles often feel sore or "cramped" after a sudden, intense bout of physical exercise?
Accumulation of Lactic Acid
During a sudden, intense burst of exercise, the working muscles demand energy far faster than the bloodstream can deliver oxygen to them.
Starved of enough oxygen, the muscle cells shift from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration, breaking down glucose without using oxygen.
This incomplete, oxygen-free breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid in the muscle tissue.
The build-up of lactic acid lowers the local pH and is what makes the muscles feel sore, fatigued and 'cramped' after the effort.
Ethyl alcohol is the product of anaerobic respiration in yeast and some plant cells, not in human muscle, so that option is wrong; carbon-dioxide release is a normal part of aerobic respiration and does not cause the cramp, and Vitamin C depletion is unrelated.
Therefore the process responsible for post-exercise soreness is the Accumulation of Lactic Acid.
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