Which environmental problem occurs when excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus enrich water bodies, causing algal blooms and possible toxin production?
Eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process in which excess nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer runoff and sewage, enter water bodies and enrich them.
This nutrient enrichment fuels rapid growth of algae, known as algal blooms, which can deplete dissolved oxygen in the water as they decompose and sometimes release harmful toxins.
Soil acidification relates to soil pH changes, groundwater depletion refers to over-extraction of underground water, and cadmium accumulation is a heavy-metal contamination issue, none of which describe nutrient-driven algal bloom formation.
Therefore, the environmental problem described is Eutrophication.
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