What is the upward force exerted by water called ?
Buoyant force
The correct option is Option 3: Buoyant force (also known as Buoyancy).
Explanation
When an object is placed or submerged in a fluid (like water), the fluid exerts an upward force that opposes the downward force of gravity. This upward force is called the buoyant force.
Key Principles of Buoyancy:
Archimedes' Principle: The magnitude of this upward buoyant force is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Sinking vs. Floating: * If the buoyant force is greater than or equal to the object's weight, the object will float.
If the buoyant force is less than the object's weight, the object will sink.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect
Gravitation (Option 1): This is the attractive force that pulls objects downward toward the center of the Earth.
Density (Option 2): This is a characteristic property of matter defined as mass per unit volume ($\rho = \frac{m}{V}$). It determines if something will float, but it is a property, not a force.
Friction (Option 3): This is a resistive force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact, acting parallel to the surface rather than vertically upward.
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