What is the process of mining in which the surface layer is removed to extract minerals lying at shallow depths?
Open cast mining
Open cast mining is correct.
When minerals lie at shallow depths, the overlying soil and rock (overburden) are removed to expose the deposit, which is then dug out from the surface. This is open cast (open-pit) mining, widely used for coal, iron ore and bauxite in India.
Shaft mining reaches deep deposits through vertical shafts, and drilling is used mainly for petroleum and natural gas.
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