Q. No. 85 – 89 are based on the following paragraph. Read the following paragraph and answer the five questions that follow : A researcher collected the data on logical reasoning and spatial reasoning from 200 students (equal number of boys and girls) of engineering college covering the specializations of civil and computer engineering by using a stratified sampling method. Information about students marks in the semester-end examination and information about the parents’ annual income was also collected (both the variables were measured on a continuum).
What is the primary design of the study ?
2×2 factorial design
The passage describes two categorical grouping variables, each with two levels: gender (boys, girls) and engineering specialization (civil, computer). Students are sampled so that every combination of these two variables is represented, giving four cells: civil boys, civil girls, computer boys and computer girls.
A design that crosses two independent variables, each at two levels, so that all combinations are studied is a 2 × 2 factorial design. It allows the researcher to examine the main effect of gender, the main effect of specialization, and their interaction on outcomes such as logical or spatial reasoning.
It is not merely an independent two-group design, because two factors are crossed rather than one. It is not a dependent (repeated or matched) groups design, since different students form each cell. A successive independent samples design draws fresh samples from a population at different points in time, which the study does not do.
Hence, the answer is 2 × 2 factorial design.
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