In a research elimination of alternative causes is an essential feature. This elimination is achieved only through ...................... method.
Experimental
Establishing a cause–effect relationship requires three conditions: covariation of cause and effect, temporal precedence of the cause, and elimination of plausible alternative explanations (internal validity).
Only the experimental method meets the third condition fully: the researcher actively manipulates the independent variable, randomly assigns participants to conditions and controls extraneous variables, so any remaining difference in the dependent variable can be attributed to the manipulation.
Quasi-experimental designs manipulate or compare conditions but lack random assignment, so selection and other confounds remain. Exploratory research only seeks to identify variables and generate hypotheses. Correlational research measures association without manipulation, so third-variable and directionality problems cannot be ruled out.
Hence, the answer is Experimental.
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A. Collection and analysis of data
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A. Archival materials
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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
