What does the valve timing diagram illustrate in a diesel engine?
Sequence of valve operations
The engine's cycle happens too fast to watch directly, so it is represented on paper against crankshaft angle to make the timing clear.
A valve timing diagram is exactly such a map: it plots the crankshaft positions at which each valve event occurs during the cycle.
It shows the sequence of valve operations, marking when the inlet valve opens and closes and when the exhaust valve opens and closes relative to the piston strokes.
This lets an engineer see the valve overlap and the advance or lag of each event, which governs how the engine breathes.
It is not a graph of fuel pressure during combustion; cylinder pressure is shown on a separate pressure-crank angle or indicator diagram.
It is likewise not a plot of fuel injection pressure, nor is it a mechanical design drawing of the valves' shape and dimensions.
Hence, the answer is Sequence of valve operations.
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